Which atmospheric layer is directly above the tropopause

This layer extends from around 31 miles 50 km above the Earth's surface to 53 miles 85 km. The gases, including the oxygen molecules, continue to become denser as one descends. The gases in the mesosphere are now thick enough to slow down meteors hurtling into the atmosphere, where they burn up, leaving fiery trails in the night sky.

Both the stratosphere next layer down and the mesosphere are considered the middle atmosphere. The transition boundary which separates the mesosphere from the stratosphere is called the stratopause. The Stratosphere extends around 31 miles 50 km down to anywhere from 4 to 12 miles 6 to 20 km above the Earth's surface. This layer holds 19 percent of the atmosphere's gases but very little water vapor.

In this region the temperature increases with height. This increase in temperature with height means warmer air is located above cooler air. This prevents "convection" as there is no upward vertical movement of the gases. Air is warmest at the bottom of the troposphere near ground level.

Air gets colder as one rises through the troposphere. That's why the peaks of tall mountains can be snow-covered even in the summertime. Air pressure and the density of the air also decrease with altitude. The mesopause is located here, representing the passage to the thermosphere.

The thermosphere The temperature in this layer increases as the height increases. The density of the gases diminished when they go up. Exosphere This is the most external layer of the atmosphere. It is also the least known. To inform younger students about Energy and Environment, Science, Chemistry, English culture and English language, with accompanying images, interviews and videos.

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It is highest about 17 - 18 km near the equator. This extends upwards from the tropopause to about 50 km. It contains much of the ozone in the atmosphere. The increase in temperature with height occurs because of absorption of ultraviolet UV radiation from the sun by this ozone. Temperatures in the stratosphere are highest over the summer pole, and lowest over the winter pole. By absorbing dangerous UV radiation, the ozone in the stratosphere protects us from skin cancer and other health damage.

However chemicals called CFCs or freons, and halons which were once used in refrigerators, spray cans and fire extinguishers have reduced the amount of ozone in the stratosphere, particularly at polar latitudes, leading to the so-called "Antarctic ozone hole".

Now humans have stopped making most of the harmful CFCs we expect the ozone hole will eventually recover over the 21 st century, but this is a slow process. The region above the stratosphere is called the mesosphere. The thermosphere lies above the mesopause, and is a region in which temperatures again increase with height. This temperature increase is caused by the absorption of energetic ultraviolet and X-Ray radiation from the sun.

The region of the atmosphere above about 80 km is also caused the "ionosphere", since the energetic solar radiation knocks electrons off molecules and atoms, turning them into "ions" with a positive charge. The temperature of the thermosphere varies between night and day and between the seasons, as do the numbers of ions and electrons which are present.

The ionosphere reflects and absorbs radio waves, allowing us to receive shortwave radio broadcasts in New Zealand from other parts of the world. The region above about km is called the exosphere.